Student Nurses’ Perceptions of District Hospital Resource Adequacy for Aggression Management of Mental Health Care Users
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25159/2520-5293/837Keywords:
aggression, mental health care user, resource adequacy, student nursesAbstract
South African legislation requires an initial 72-hour observation period of the mental health care user (MHCU) in a district hospital. The purpose of the study was to describe third year Bachelor of Nursing (BN) students’ perceptions of resource adequacy for aggression displayed by mental health care users (MHCU) in this observation period, in order to inform education and policy development. The research design was a non-experimental quantitative descriptive design, using a two-part self-administered questionnaire, involving third year BN students allocated to district hospitals. Section A comprised demographic data; Section B was a subscale (resource adequacy) adopted with permission from the Behavioural Health Care Competency Survey (BHCC). Data was analysed using SPSS version 22. The students (n=31) were seen as a vulnerable group yet conceptualised aggression management resources as adequate. The resource adequacy mean was 12.26 (Standard deviation = 2.96) out of a possible score of 16. The majority of students felt they knew when to call for help despite not having received mental health education. Younger females (19–22 years) were at higher risk of encountering aggression, with night duty having a greater incident rate. There was no association between the demographics, nursing a MHCU, harmed by or threatened by MHCU, shift of the incident and resource adequacy. The students’ perception of resource adequacy is concerning, suggesting a need for the introduction of management of aggression in MHCU (especially assessment) in the first year of studies, as well as district hospitals re-examining safety protocols regarding the needs of student nurses.
Metrics
References
Amoo, G. & Fatoye, F.O. 2010. Aggressive behaviour and mental illness: A study of in-patients at Aro Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Abeokuta. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 13(2):351–355.
Beech, B. 2008. Aggression prevention training for student nurses: Differential responses to training and the interaction between theory and practice. Nurse Education in Practice, 8(2):94–102.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2007.04.004
Burns, J.K. 2008. Implementation of the Mental Health Care Act (2002) at district hospitals in South Africa: Translating principles into practice. South African Medical Journal, 98(1):46–51.
Burns, J.K. 2011. The mental health gap in South Africa – A human rights issue. The Equal Rights Review, 6:99–113.
Chu, C.M., Daffern, M. & Ogloff, J.R.P. 2013. Predicting aggression in acute inpatient psychiatric setting using BVC, DASA, and HCR-20 Clinical Scale. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry &Psychology, 24(2):269–285.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14789949.2013.773456
Chukwujekwu, D.C. & Stanley, P.C. 2011. Prevalence and correlates of aggression among psychiatric in-patients at Jos University Teaching Hospital. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 14(2):163–167.
https://doi.org/10.4103/1119-3077.84007
Donabedian, A. 1988.The quality of care: How can it be assessed? Journal of the American Medical Association, 260(12):1743–1748.
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1988.03410120089033
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.260.12.1743
Edward, K.L., Ousey, K., Warelow, P. & Lui, S. 2014. Nursing and aggression in the workplace: A systematic review. British Journal of Nursing, 23(12):653–659.
https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2014.23.12.653
Emmanuel, E.J., Wendler, D., Killen, J. & Grady, C. 2004. What makes clinical research in developing countries ethical? The benchmarks of clinical research. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 189(5):930–937.
https://doi.org/10.1086/381709
Ergün, S.F. & Karadakovan, A., 2005. Violence towards nursing staff in emergency departments in one Turkish city. International Nursing Review, 52(2):154–160.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-7657.2005.00420.x
James, B.O., Isa, E.W. & Oud, N. 2011. Patient aggression in psychiatric services: The experience of a sample of nurses at two psychiatric facilities in Nigeria: Original. African Journal of Psychiatry, 14(2): 130–133.
https://doi.org/10.4314/ajpsy.v14i2.4
Lund, C., Kleintjes, S., Kakuma, R., Flisher, A.J. and MHaPP Research Programme Consortium. 2010. Public sector mental health systems in South Africa: Inter-provincial comparisons and policy implications. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 45(3):393–404.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-009-0078-5
Magnavita, N. & Heponiemi, T. 2012. Violence towards health care workers in a public health care facility in Italy: A repeated cross-sectional study. BMC Health Services Research, 12(1):1–9.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-12-108
Moumtzoglou, A. 2010. Factors impeding nurses from reporting adverse events. Journal of Nursing Management, 18(5):542–547.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2834.2010.01049.x
Nau, J., Dassen, T., Halfens, R. & Needham, I. 2007. Nursing students' experiences in managing patient aggression. Nurse Education Today, 27(8):933–946.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2007.01.007
Newton, V.M., Elbogen, E.B., Brown, C.L., Snyder, J. & Barrick, A.L. 2012. Clinical decision-making about inpatient violence risk at admission to a public-sector acute psychiatric hospital. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 40(2):206–214.
Pallant, J. 2010. SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS. 4th edition. Berkshire: Open University Press, Berkshire.
Petersen, I. & Lund, C. 2011. Mental health service delivery in South Africa from 2000 to 2010: One step forward, one step back. SAMJ: South African Medical Journal, 101(10):751–757.
Pompeii, L., Dement, J., Schoenfisch, A., Lavery, A., Souder, M., Smith, C. & Lipscomb, H. 2013. Perpetrator, worker and workplace characteristics associated with patient and visitor perpetrated violence (Type II) on hospital workers: A review of the literature and existing occupational injury data. Journal of Safety Research, 44:57–64.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2012.09.004
Ramlall, S., Chipps, J. & Mars, M. 2010. Impact of the South African Mental Health Care Act No. 17 of 2002 on regional and district hospitals designated for mental health care in KwaZulu-Natal. South African Medical Journal, 100(10):667–670.
https://doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.4129
Roche, M., Diers, D., Duffield, C. & Catlingâ€Paull, C. 2010. Violence toward nurses, the work environment, and patient outcomes. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 42(1):13–22.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2009.01321.x
Rutledge, D. N., Wickman, M., Drake, D., Winokur, E. & Loucks, J. 2012. Instrument validation: Hospital nurses perceptions of their Behavioral Health Care Competency. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 68(12):2756–2765.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2012.06025.x
Shiao, J.S.C., Tseng, Y., Hsieh, Y.T., Hou, J.Y., Cheng, Y. & Guo, Y.L. 2010. Assaults against nurses of general and psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 83(7):823–832. Doi:10.1007/500420-009- 0501-y
Steinman, S. 2003. Workplace violence in the health sector. Country case study: South Africa. Geneva: International Labour Organisation/International Council of Nurses/WHO/Public Services International Joint Programme Working Paper, viewed, 9.
World Health Organisation (WHO). 2002. World report on violence and health, summary. WHO.Geneva:1-54. Available at www.who.int/violence-injury-prevention/violence/world-report (Accessed 20 September 2014).
World Health Organisation (WHO). 2005. WHO Resource book on mental health, human rights legislation. WHO. Geneva. Available at www.who.int/mental- health/policy/legislation/essentialpackage2v7/en/pdf (Accessed 20 September 2014).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Accepted 2016-06-09
Published 2017-05-23
