Just Being a Teenager: Exploring the Social Drivers of HIV Risk and Resilience in a Rural South African Context
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25159/1727-7140/1442Keywords:
Archetype Extraction, rapid situational analysis, sex and relationships educationAbstract
This article describes an adapted rapid situational analysis that was used to investigate the HIV-related environment that teenage girls and young women negotiate in the rural province of Limpopo in South Africa. This research contributed to the development of a sex and relationships educational programme to improve the skill sets young women use to negotiate the HIV and AIDS epidemic. Conceptually, the methodology was informed by the social drivers of HIV debate and was designed to illuminate both the HIV-related risk environments that the young women encountered, as well as the resilience strategies they used to negotiate these contexts. The qualitative design included an Archetype Extraction technique and focus group discussions, with the former guiding the structure of the latter. The findings suggest that (a) young women negotiate multiple HIV risks, (b) are aware of these risks and (c) have developed resilience strategies to negotiate these types of environment. However, the reported risk factors were more dominant than the reported resilience strategies. The adapted rapid situational analysis was found to be fit for purpose and contributed to the community partner’s ambition of updating its sex and relationships education programme.
Â
Â
References
Auerbach, J. D., J. O. Parkhurst, and C. F. Caceres. 2011. “Addressing Social Drivers of HIV/AIDS for the Long-Term Response: Conceptual and Methodological Considerations.†Global Public Health 6 (Suppl 3): S293–309. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2011.594451 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2011.594451
Bentley, Margaret E., Gretel H. Pelto, Walter L. Straus, Debra A. Schumann, Catherine Adegbola, Emanuela de la Pena, Gbolahan A. Oni, Kenneth H. Brown, and Sandra L. Huffman. 1988. “Rapid Ethnographic Assessment: Applications in a Diarrhea Management Program.†Social Science & Medicine 27 (1): 107–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(88)90168-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(88)90168-2
Bhana, D., and R. Pattman. 2011. “Girls Want Money, Boys Want Virgins: The Materiality of Love amongst South African Township Youth in the Context of HIV and AIDS.†Cult Health Sex 13 (8): 961–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2011.576770 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2011.576770
Burman, Christopher J., Marota Aphane, and Peter Delobelle. 2015. “Reducing the Overall HIV-Burden in South Africa: Is ’Reviving ABC’ an Appropriate Fit for a Complex, Adaptive Epidemiological HIV Landscape?†African Journal of AIDS Research 14 (1): 13–28. https://doi.org/10.2989/16085906.2015.1016988 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2989/16085906.2015.1016988
Burman, Christopher J., Linda Moerschell, Robert Mamabolo, Marota Aphane, and Peter Delobelle. 2015. “Re-Imagining Decision Making: Addressing a Discrete Social Driver of HIV/AIDS through the Lens of Complexity Science.†African Journal of AIDS Research 14 (1): 75–84. https://doi.org/10.2989/16085906.2015.1016983 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2989/16085906.2015.1016983
Choi, K. W., M. H. Watt, J. C. MacFarlane, K. J. Sikkema, D. Skinner, D. Pieterse, and S. C. Kalichman. 2013. “Drinking in the Context of Life Stressors: A Multidimensional Coping Strategy among South African Women.†Substance Use & Misuse 49 (1-2): 66–76. https://doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2013.819365 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2013.819365
Glaser, Barney G, and Anselm L. Strauss. 2009. The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. New Jersey: Transaction.
Jewkes, R., R. Morrell, and N. Christofides. 2009. “Empowering Teenagers to Prevent Pregnancy: Lessons from South Africa.†Cult Health Sex 11 (7): 675–688. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691050902846452 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13691050902846452
Jewkes, Rachel K., Kristin Dunkle, Mzikazi Nduna, and Nwabisa Shai. 2010. “Intimate Partner Violence, Relationship Power Inequity, and Incidence of HIV Infection in Young Women in South Africa: A Cohort Study.†Lancet 376 (9734): 41–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60548-X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60548-X
Kader, R., S. Seedat, R. Govender, J. R. Koch, and C. D. Parry. 2014. “Hazardous and Harmful Use of Alcohol and/or Other Drugs and Health Status among South African Patients Attending HIV Clinics.†AIDS and Behavior 18 (3): 525–534. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-013-0587-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-013-0587-9
Leclerc-Madlala, S. 2008. “Age-Disparate and Intergenerational Sex in Southern Africa: The Dynamics of Hypervulnerability.†AIDS 22 (Suppl 4): S17–S25. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.aids.0000341774.86500.53 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.aids.0000341774.86500.53
Lee, T., and M. Price. 1995. “Indicators and Research Methods for Rapid Assessment of a Tuberculosis Control Programme: Case Study of a Rural Area in South Africa.†Tubercle and Lung Disease 76 (5): 441–449. https://doi.org/10.1016/0962-8479(95)90012-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0962-8479(95)90012-8
Lippman, S. A., S. Treves-Kagan, J. M. Gilvydis, E. Naidoo, G. Khumalo-Sakutukwa, L. Darbes, E. Raphela, L. Ntswane, and S. Barnhart. 2014. “Informing Comprehensive HIV Prevention: A Situational Analysis of the HIV Prevention and Care Context, North West Province South Africa.†PLoS One 9 (7): e102904. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102904
Maree, Gillian A., Dirk J. Roux, and Mario A. Marais. 2006. Beneath the Surface of Conscious Patterns: Using Narrative to Characterise the Culture of Innovation at a Leading R&D Organisation. Pretoria: CSIR. Accessed October 16, 2014. http://researchspace.csir.co.za/dspace/bitstream/10204/1042/1/maree1_2006_D.pdf
National Department of Health. 2015. National 2013 Antenatal Sentinel HIV Prevalence Survey, South Africa, 2013. Pretoria: National Department of Health, Directorate: Epidemiology and Surveillance. Accessed August 20, 2015. https://www.health-e.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Dept-Health-HIV-High-Res-7102015.pdf
Needle, Richard H., Robert T. Trotter, Merrill Singer, Christopher Bates, J. Bryan Page, David Metzger, and Louis H. Marcelin. 2003. “Rapid Assessment of the HIV/AIDS Crisis in Racial and Ethnic Minority Communities: An Approach for Timely Community Interventions.†American Journal of Public Health 93 (6): 970–979. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.93.6.970 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.93.6.970
Piot, P., M. Bartos, H. Larson, D. Zewdie, and P. Mane. 2008. â€Coming to Terms with Complexity: A Call to Action for HIV Prevention.†Lancet 372 (9641): 845–859. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60888-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60888-0
Rhodes, S. D., L. J. Yee, and K. C. Hergenrather. 2006. “A Community-Based Rapid Assessment of HIV Behavioural Risk Disparities within a Large Sample of Gay Men in Southeastern USA: A Comparison of African American, Latino and White Men.†AIDS Care 18 (8): 1018–1024. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120600568731 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120600568731
Russell, B. S., L. A. Eaton, and P. Petersen-Williams. 2013. “Intersecting Epidemics among Pregnant Women: Alcohol Use, Interpersonal Violence, and HIV Infection in South Africa.†Current HIV/AIDS Reports 10 (1): 103–110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-012-0145-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11904-012-0145-5
Shannon, Kate, Steffanie A. Strathdee, Shira M. Goldenberg, Putu Duff, Peninah Mwangi, Maia Rusakova, Sushena Reza-Paul, Joseph Lau, Kathleen Deering, Michael R. Pickles, and Marie-Claude Boily. 2014. “Global Epidemiology of HIV among Female Sex Workers: Influence of Structural Determinants.†Lancet 385 (9962): 55–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60931-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60931-4
Shisana, O., T. Rehle, L. C. Simbayi, K. Zuma, S. Jooste, N. Zungu, D. Labadarios, D. Onoya, A. David, S. Ramlagan, N. Mbelle, J. van Zyl, and N. Wabiri. 2014. South African National HIV Prevalence, Incidence and Behaviour Survey, 2012. Cape Town: HSRC Press.
Statistics South Africa. 2012. Census 2011 Municipal report: Limpopo. Report no. 03-01-57. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa. Accessed July 14, 2014. http://www.statssa.gov.za/census/census_2011/census_products/LP_Municipal_Report.pdf
Treves-Kagan, Sarah, Evasen Naidoo, Jennifer M. Gilvydis, Elsie Raphela, Scott Barnhart, and Sheri A. Lippman. 2015. “A Situational Analysis Methodology to Inform Comprehensive HIV Prevention and Treatment Programming, Applied in Rural South Africa.†Global Public Health 12 (9): 1122–1140. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2015.1080590 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2015.1080590
Treves-Kagan, S., W. T. Steward, L. Ntswane, R. Haller, J. M. Gilvydis, H. Gulati, S. Barnhart, and S. A. Lippman. 2016. “Why Increasing Availability of ART Is Not Enough: A Rapid, Community-Based Study on How HIV-Related Stigma Impacts Engagement to Care in Rural South Africa.†BMC Public Health 16 (January): 87. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-2753-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-2753-2
Trotter, R. T., R. H. Needle, E. Goosby, C. Bates, and M. Singer. 2001. “A Methodological Model for Rapid Assessment, Response, and Evaluation: The RARE Program in Public Health.†Field Methods 13 (2): 137–159. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X0101300202 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X0101300202
UNAIDS. 2014a. Fast Track. Geneva: UNAIDS. Accessed April 18, 2015. www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/JC2686_WAD2014report_en.pdf
UNAIDS. 2014b. The Gap Report. Geneva: UNAIDS. Accessed January 21, 2015. http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2014/20140716_UNAIDS_gap_report
UNAIDS. 2015. How AIDS Changed Everything. Geneva: UNAIDS. Accessed January 17, 2016. www.unaids.org/en/resources/campaigns/HowAIDSchangedeverything
Watt, M. H., F. M. Aunon, D. Skinner, K. J. Sikkema, S. C. Kalichman, and D. Pieterse. 2012. “’Because He Has Bought for Her, He Wants to Sleep with Her’: Alcohol as a Currency for Sexual Exchange in South African Drinking Venues.†Social Science & Medicine 74 (7): 1005–1012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.12.022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.12.022
Wilson, David, and Daniel T. Halperin. 2008. “’Know Your Epidemic, Know Your Response’: A Useful Approach, if We Get It Right.†Lancet 372 (9637): 423–426. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60883-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60883-1
WWS. 2015. â€Waterberg Welfare Society.†Accessed June 23, 2015. http://www.waterbergwelfaresociety.org.za/
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright will be vested in Unisa Press. However, as long as you do not use the article in ways which would directly conflict with the publisher’s business interests, you retain the right to use your own article (provided you acknowledge the published version of the article) as follows:
- to make further copies of all or part of the published article for your use in classroom teaching;
- to make copies of the final accepted version of the article for internal distribution within your institution, or to place it on your own or your institution’s website or repository, or on a site that does not charge for access to the article, but you must arrange not to make the final accepted version of the article available to the public until 18 months after the date of acceptance;
- to re-use all or part of this material in a compilation of your own works or in a textbook of which you are the author, or as the basis for a conference presentation.
Accepted 2017-10-18
Published 2018-02-14